---- Minecraft Crash Report ---- // Don't do that. Time: 2025-01-26 15:55:39 Description: Rendering overlay java.lang.NullPointerException: Cannot invoke "net.minecraftforge.registries.ForgeRegistry.getKeys()" because "frozen" is null at TRANSFORMER/net.minecraftforge.forge@53.0.37/net.minecraftforge.registries.GameData.loadFrozenDataToStagingRegistry(GameData.java:728) ~[forge-1.21.3-53.0.37-universal.jar:?] at TRANSFORMER/net.minecraftforge.forge@53.0.37/net.minecraftforge.registries.GameData.lambda$injectSnapshot$29(GameData.java:672) ~[forge-1.21.3-53.0.37-universal.jar:?] at SECURE-BOOTSTRAP/com.google.common@32.1.2-jre/com.google.common.collect.HashBiMap.forEach(HashBiMap.java:583) ~[guava-32.1.2-jre.jar:?] at TRANSFORMER/net.minecraftforge.forge@53.0.37/net.minecraftforge.registries.GameData.injectSnapshot(GameData.java:671) ~[forge-1.21.3-53.0.37-universal.jar:?] at TRANSFORMER/net.minecraftforge.forge@53.0.37/net.minecraftforge.common.ForgeHooks.readAdditionalLevelSaveData(ForgeHooks.java:905) ~[forge-1.21.3-53.0.37-universal.jar:?] at TRANSFORMER/minecraft@1.21.3/net.minecraft.client.gui.screens.worldselection.WorldOpenFlows.openWorldLoadLevelStem(WorldOpenFlows.java:332) ~[forge-1.21.3-53.0.37-client.jar:?] at TRANSFORMER/minecraft@1.21.3/net.minecraft.client.gui.screens.worldselection.WorldOpenFlows.openWorldCheckVersionCompatibility(WorldOpenFlows.java:323) ~[forge-1.21.3-53.0.37-client.jar:?] at TRANSFORMER/minecraft@1.21.3/net.minecraft.client.gui.screens.worldselection.WorldOpenFlows.openWorldLoadLevelData(WorldOpenFlows.java:287) ~[forge-1.21.3-53.0.37-client.jar:?] at TRANSFORMER/minecraft@1.21.3/net.minecraft.client.gui.screens.worldselection.WorldOpenFlows.openWorld(WorldOpenFlows.java:253) ~[forge-1.21.3-53.0.37-client.jar:?] at TRANSFORMER/minecraft@1.21.3/net.minecraft.client.quickplay.QuickPlay.joinSingleplayerWorld(QuickPlay.java:55) ~[forge-1.21.3-53.0.37-client.jar:?] at TRANSFORMER/minecraft@1.21.3/net.minecraft.client.quickplay.QuickPlay.connect(QuickPlay.java:41) ~[forge-1.21.3-53.0.37-client.jar:?] at TRANSFORMER/minecraft@1.21.3/net.minecraft.client.Minecraft.lambda$buildInitialScreens$9(Minecraft.java:672) ~[forge-1.21.3-53.0.37-client.jar:?] at TRANSFORMER/minecraft@1.21.3/net.minecraft.client.Minecraft.onGameLoadFinished(Minecraft.java:660) ~[forge-1.21.3-53.0.37-client.jar:?] at TRANSFORMER/minecraft@1.21.3/net.minecraft.client.Minecraft.onResourceLoadFinished(Minecraft.java:651) ~[forge-1.21.3-53.0.37-client.jar:?] at TRANSFORMER/minecraft@1.21.3/net.minecraft.client.Minecraft.lambda$new$7(Minecraft.java:634) ~[forge-1.21.3-53.0.37-client.jar:?] at TRANSFORMER/minecraft@1.21.3/net.minecraft.Util.ifElse(Util.java:617) ~[forge-1.21.3-53.0.37-client.jar:?] at TRANSFORMER/minecraft@1.21.3/net.minecraft.client.Minecraft.lambda$new$8(Minecraft.java:628) ~[forge-1.21.3-53.0.37-client.jar:?] at TRANSFORMER/minecraft@1.21.3/net.minecraft.client.gui.screens.LoadingOverlay.render(LoadingOverlay.java:131) ~[forge-1.21.3-53.0.37-client.jar:?] at TRANSFORMER/minecraft@1.21.3/net.minecraft.client.renderer.GameRenderer.render(GameRenderer.java:502) ~[forge-1.21.3-53.0.37-client.jar:?] at TRANSFORMER/minecraft@1.21.3/net.minecraft.client.Minecraft.runTick(Minecraft.java:1240) ~[forge-1.21.3-53.0.37-client.jar:?] at TRANSFORMER/minecraft@1.21.3/net.minecraft.client.Minecraft.run(Minecraft.java:836) ~[forge-1.21.3-53.0.37-client.jar:?] at TRANSFORMER/minecraft@1.21.3/net.minecraft.client.main.Main.main(Main.java:238) ~[forge-1.21.3-53.0.37-client.jar:?] at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DirectMethodHandleAccessor.invoke(DirectMethodHandleAccessor.java:103) ~[?:?] at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:580) ~[?:?] at SECURE-BOOTSTRAP/net.minecraftforge.fmlloader@1.21.3-53.0.37/net.minecraftforge.fml.loading.targets.CommonLaunchHandler.runTarget(CommonLaunchHandler.java:85) ~[fmlloader-1.21.3-53.0.37.jar!/:?] at SECURE-BOOTSTRAP/net.minecraftforge.fmlloader@1.21.3-53.0.37/net.minecraftforge.fml.loading.targets.CommonLaunchHandler.lambda$makeService$0(CommonLaunchHandler.java:69) ~[fmlloader-1.21.3-53.0.37.jar!/:?] at SECURE-BOOTSTRAP/cpw.mods.modlauncher@10.2.3/cpw.mods.modlauncher.LaunchServiceHandler.launch(LaunchServiceHandler.java:77) [modlauncher-10.2.3.jar!/:?] at SECURE-BOOTSTRAP/cpw.mods.modlauncher@10.2.3/cpw.mods.modlauncher.LaunchServiceHandler.launch(LaunchServiceHandler.java:97) [modlauncher-10.2.3.jar!/:?] at SECURE-BOOTSTRAP/cpw.mods.modlauncher@10.2.3/cpw.mods.modlauncher.Launcher.run(Launcher.java:116) [modlauncher-10.2.3.jar!/:?] at SECURE-BOOTSTRAP/cpw.mods.modlauncher@10.2.3/cpw.mods.modlauncher.Launcher.main(Launcher.java:75) [modlauncher-10.2.3.jar!/:?] at SECURE-BOOTSTRAP/cpw.mods.modlauncher@10.2.3/cpw.mods.modlauncher.BootstrapEntry.main(BootstrapEntry.java:17) [modlauncher-10.2.3.jar!/:?] at net.minecraftforge.bootstrap@2.1.7/net.minecraftforge.bootstrap.Bootstrap.moduleMain(Bootstrap.java:188) [bootstrap-2.1.8.jar!/:?] at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DirectMethodHandleAccessor.invoke(DirectMethodHandleAccessor.java:103) ~[?:?] at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:580) ~[?:?] at net.minecraftforge.bootstrap.Bootstrap.bootstrapMain(Bootstrap.java:133) [bootstrap-2.1.8.jar:2.1.8] at net.minecraftforge.bootstrap.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:53) [bootstrap-2.1.8.jar:2.1.8] at net.minecraftforge.bootstrap.ForgeBootstrap.main(ForgeBootstrap.java:19) [bootstrap-2.1.8.jar:2.1.8] Transformer Audit: net.minecraft.Util REASON: classloading net.minecraft.client.Minecraft REASON: classloading PLUGIN: accesstransformer:BEFORE PLUGIN: runtimedistcleaner:AFTER net.minecraft.client.gui.screens.LoadingOverlay REASON: classloading net.minecraft.client.gui.screens.worldselection.WorldOpenFlows REASON: classloading net.minecraft.client.main.Main REASON: classloading net.minecraft.client.quickplay.QuickPlay REASON: classloading net.minecraft.client.renderer.GameRenderer REASON: classloading PLUGIN: runtimedistcleaner:AFTER net.minecraftforge.common.ForgeHooks REASON: classloading net.minecraftforge.registries.GameData REASON: classloading A detailed walkthrough of the error, its code path and all known details is as follows: --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -- Head -- Thread: Render thread Suspected Mods: NONE Stacktrace: at TRANSFORMER/net.minecraftforge.forge@53.0.37/net.minecraftforge.registries.GameData.loadFrozenDataToStagingRegistry(GameData.java:728) ~[forge-1.21.3-53.0.37-universal.jar!/:?] at TRANSFORMER/net.minecraftforge.forge@53.0.37/net.minecraftforge.registries.GameData.lambda$injectSnapshot$29(GameData.java:672) ~[forge-1.21.3-53.0.37-universal.jar!/:?] at SECURE-BOOTSTRAP/com.google.common@32.1.2-jre/com.google.common.collect.HashBiMap.forEach(HashBiMap.java:583) ~[guava-32.1.2-jre.jar!/:?] at TRANSFORMER/net.minecraftforge.forge@53.0.37/net.minecraftforge.registries.GameData.injectSnapshot(GameData.java:671) ~[forge-1.21.3-53.0.37-universal.jar!/:?] at TRANSFORMER/net.minecraftforge.forge@53.0.37/net.minecraftforge.common.ForgeHooks.readAdditionalLevelSaveData(ForgeHooks.java:905) ~[forge-1.21.3-53.0.37-universal.jar!/:?] at TRANSFORMER/minecraft@1.21.3/net.minecraft.client.gui.screens.worldselection.WorldOpenFlows.openWorldLoadLevelStem(WorldOpenFlows.java:332) ~[forge-1.21.3-53.0.37-client.jar!/:?] at TRANSFORMER/minecraft@1.21.3/net.minecraft.client.gui.screens.worldselection.WorldOpenFlows.openWorldCheckVersionCompatibility(WorldOpenFlows.java:323) ~[forge-1.21.3-53.0.37-client.jar!/:?] at TRANSFORMER/minecraft@1.21.3/net.minecraft.client.gui.screens.worldselection.WorldOpenFlows.openWorldLoadLevelData(WorldOpenFlows.java:287) ~[forge-1.21.3-53.0.37-client.jar!/:?] at TRANSFORMER/minecraft@1.21.3/net.minecraft.client.gui.screens.worldselection.WorldOpenFlows.openWorld(WorldOpenFlows.java:253) ~[forge-1.21.3-53.0.37-client.jar!/:?] at TRANSFORMER/minecraft@1.21.3/net.minecraft.client.quickplay.QuickPlay.joinSingleplayerWorld(QuickPlay.java:55) ~[forge-1.21.3-53.0.37-client.jar!/:?] at TRANSFORMER/minecraft@1.21.3/net.minecraft.client.quickplay.QuickPlay.connect(QuickPlay.java:41) ~[forge-1.21.3-53.0.37-client.jar!/:?] at TRANSFORMER/minecraft@1.21.3/net.minecraft.client.Minecraft.lambda$buildInitialScreens$9(Minecraft.java:672) ~[forge-1.21.3-53.0.37-client.jar!/:?] at TRANSFORMER/minecraft@1.21.3/net.minecraft.client.Minecraft.onGameLoadFinished(Minecraft.java:660) ~[forge-1.21.3-53.0.37-client.jar!/:?] at TRANSFORMER/minecraft@1.21.3/net.minecraft.client.Minecraft.onResourceLoadFinished(Minecraft.java:651) ~[forge-1.21.3-53.0.37-client.jar!/:?] at TRANSFORMER/minecraft@1.21.3/net.minecraft.client.Minecraft.lambda$new$7(Minecraft.java:634) ~[forge-1.21.3-53.0.37-client.jar!/:?] at TRANSFORMER/minecraft@1.21.3/net.minecraft.Util.ifElse(Util.java:617) ~[forge-1.21.3-53.0.37-client.jar!/:?] at TRANSFORMER/minecraft@1.21.3/net.minecraft.client.Minecraft.lambda$new$8(Minecraft.java:628) ~[forge-1.21.3-53.0.37-client.jar!/:?] at TRANSFORMER/minecraft@1.21.3/net.minecraft.client.gui.screens.LoadingOverlay.render(LoadingOverlay.java:131) ~[forge-1.21.3-53.0.37-client.jar!/:?] Transformer Audit: net.minecraft.Util REASON: classloading net.minecraft.client.Minecraft REASON: classloading PLUGIN: accesstransformer:BEFORE PLUGIN: runtimedistcleaner:AFTER net.minecraft.client.gui.screens.LoadingOverlay REASON: classloading net.minecraft.client.gui.screens.worldselection.WorldOpenFlows REASON: classloading net.minecraft.client.quickplay.QuickPlay REASON: classloading net.minecraftforge.common.ForgeHooks REASON: classloading net.minecraftforge.registries.GameData REASON: classloading -- Overlay render details -- Details: Overlay name: net.minecraftforge.client.loading.ForgeLoadingOverlay Stacktrace: at TRANSFORMER/minecraft@1.21.3/net.minecraft.client.renderer.GameRenderer.render(GameRenderer.java:502) ~[forge-1.21.3-53.0.37-client.jar:?] at TRANSFORMER/minecraft@1.21.3/net.minecraft.client.Minecraft.runTick(Minecraft.java:1240) ~[forge-1.21.3-53.0.37-client.jar:?] at TRANSFORMER/minecraft@1.21.3/net.minecraft.client.Minecraft.run(Minecraft.java:836) ~[forge-1.21.3-53.0.37-client.jar:?] at TRANSFORMER/minecraft@1.21.3/net.minecraft.client.main.Main.main(Main.java:238) ~[forge-1.21.3-53.0.37-client.jar:?] at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DirectMethodHandleAccessor.invoke(DirectMethodHandleAccessor.java:103) ~[?:?] at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:580) ~[?:?] at SECURE-BOOTSTRAP/net.minecraftforge.fmlloader@1.21.3-53.0.37/net.minecraftforge.fml.loading.targets.CommonLaunchHandler.runTarget(CommonLaunchHandler.java:85) ~[fmlloader-1.21.3-53.0.37.jar!/:?] at SECURE-BOOTSTRAP/net.minecraftforge.fmlloader@1.21.3-53.0.37/net.minecraftforge.fml.loading.targets.CommonLaunchHandler.lambda$makeService$0(CommonLaunchHandler.java:69) ~[fmlloader-1.21.3-53.0.37.jar!/:?] at SECURE-BOOTSTRAP/cpw.mods.modlauncher@10.2.3/cpw.mods.modlauncher.LaunchServiceHandler.launch(LaunchServiceHandler.java:77) [modlauncher-10.2.3.jar!/:?] at SECURE-BOOTSTRAP/cpw.mods.modlauncher@10.2.3/cpw.mods.modlauncher.LaunchServiceHandler.launch(LaunchServiceHandler.java:97) [modlauncher-10.2.3.jar!/:?] at SECURE-BOOTSTRAP/cpw.mods.modlauncher@10.2.3/cpw.mods.modlauncher.Launcher.run(Launcher.java:116) [modlauncher-10.2.3.jar!/:?] at SECURE-BOOTSTRAP/cpw.mods.modlauncher@10.2.3/cpw.mods.modlauncher.Launcher.main(Launcher.java:75) [modlauncher-10.2.3.jar!/:?] at SECURE-BOOTSTRAP/cpw.mods.modlauncher@10.2.3/cpw.mods.modlauncher.BootstrapEntry.main(BootstrapEntry.java:17) [modlauncher-10.2.3.jar!/:?] at net.minecraftforge.bootstrap@2.1.7/net.minecraftforge.bootstrap.Bootstrap.moduleMain(Bootstrap.java:188) [bootstrap-2.1.8.jar!/:?] at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DirectMethodHandleAccessor.invoke(DirectMethodHandleAccessor.java:103) ~[?:?] at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:580) ~[?:?] at net.minecraftforge.bootstrap.Bootstrap.bootstrapMain(Bootstrap.java:133) [bootstrap-2.1.8.jar:2.1.8] at net.minecraftforge.bootstrap.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:53) [bootstrap-2.1.8.jar:2.1.8] at net.minecraftforge.bootstrap.ForgeBootstrap.main(ForgeBootstrap.java:19) [bootstrap-2.1.8.jar:2.1.8] Transformer Audit: net.minecraft.client.Minecraft REASON: classloading PLUGIN: accesstransformer:BEFORE PLUGIN: runtimedistcleaner:AFTER net.minecraft.client.main.Main REASON: classloading net.minecraft.client.renderer.GameRenderer REASON: classloading PLUGIN: runtimedistcleaner:AFTER -- Uptime -- Details: JVM uptime: 11.776s Wall uptime: 2.364s High-res time: 8.910s Client ticks: 26 ticks / 1.300s Stacktrace: at TRANSFORMER/minecraft@1.21.3/net.minecraft.client.Minecraft.fillReport(Minecraft.java:2320) ~[forge-1.21.3-53.0.37-client.jar:?] at TRANSFORMER/minecraft@1.21.3/net.minecraft.client.Minecraft.emergencySaveAndCrash(Minecraft.java:900) ~[forge-1.21.3-53.0.37-client.jar:?] at TRANSFORMER/minecraft@1.21.3/net.minecraft.client.Minecraft.run(Minecraft.java:856) ~[forge-1.21.3-53.0.37-client.jar:?] at TRANSFORMER/minecraft@1.21.3/net.minecraft.client.main.Main.main(Main.java:238) ~[forge-1.21.3-53.0.37-client.jar:?] at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DirectMethodHandleAccessor.invoke(DirectMethodHandleAccessor.java:103) ~[?:?] at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:580) ~[?:?] at SECURE-BOOTSTRAP/net.minecraftforge.fmlloader@1.21.3-53.0.37/net.minecraftforge.fml.loading.targets.CommonLaunchHandler.runTarget(CommonLaunchHandler.java:85) ~[fmlloader-1.21.3-53.0.37.jar!/:?] at SECURE-BOOTSTRAP/net.minecraftforge.fmlloader@1.21.3-53.0.37/net.minecraftforge.fml.loading.targets.CommonLaunchHandler.lambda$makeService$0(CommonLaunchHandler.java:69) ~[fmlloader-1.21.3-53.0.37.jar!/:?] at SECURE-BOOTSTRAP/cpw.mods.modlauncher@10.2.3/cpw.mods.modlauncher.LaunchServiceHandler.launch(LaunchServiceHandler.java:77) [modlauncher-10.2.3.jar!/:?] at SECURE-BOOTSTRAP/cpw.mods.modlauncher@10.2.3/cpw.mods.modlauncher.LaunchServiceHandler.launch(LaunchServiceHandler.java:97) [modlauncher-10.2.3.jar!/:?] at SECURE-BOOTSTRAP/cpw.mods.modlauncher@10.2.3/cpw.mods.modlauncher.Launcher.run(Launcher.java:116) [modlauncher-10.2.3.jar!/:?] at SECURE-BOOTSTRAP/cpw.mods.modlauncher@10.2.3/cpw.mods.modlauncher.Launcher.main(Launcher.java:75) [modlauncher-10.2.3.jar!/:?] at SECURE-BOOTSTRAP/cpw.mods.modlauncher@10.2.3/cpw.mods.modlauncher.BootstrapEntry.main(BootstrapEntry.java:17) [modlauncher-10.2.3.jar!/:?] at net.minecraftforge.bootstrap@2.1.7/net.minecraftforge.bootstrap.Bootstrap.moduleMain(Bootstrap.java:188) [bootstrap-2.1.8.jar!/:?] at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DirectMethodHandleAccessor.invoke(DirectMethodHandleAccessor.java:103) ~[?:?] at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:580) ~[?:?] at net.minecraftforge.bootstrap.Bootstrap.bootstrapMain(Bootstrap.java:133) [bootstrap-2.1.8.jar:2.1.8] at net.minecraftforge.bootstrap.Bootstrap.start(Bootstrap.java:53) [bootstrap-2.1.8.jar:2.1.8] at net.minecraftforge.bootstrap.ForgeBootstrap.main(ForgeBootstrap.java:19) [bootstrap-2.1.8.jar:2.1.8] Transformer Audit: net.minecraft.client.Minecraft REASON: classloading PLUGIN: accesstransformer:BEFORE PLUGIN: runtimedistcleaner:AFTER net.minecraft.client.main.Main REASON: classloading -- Last reload -- Details: Reload number: 1 Reload reason: initial Finished: Yes Packs: vanilla -- System Details -- Details: Minecraft Version: 1.21.3 Minecraft Version ID: 1.21.3 Operating System: Windows 11 (amd64) version 10.0 Java Version: 21.0.3, Microsoft Java VM Version: OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (mixed mode), Microsoft Memory: 249561088 bytes (238 MiB) / 522190848 bytes (498 MiB) up to 4294967296 bytes (4096 MiB) CPUs: 12 Processor Vendor: AuthenticAMD Processor Name: AMD Ryzen 5 5600X 6-Core Processor Identifier: AuthenticAMD Family 25 Model 33 Stepping 2 Microarchitecture: Zen 3 Frequency (GHz): 3.69 Number of physical packages: 1 Number of physical CPUs: 6 Number of logical CPUs: 12 Graphics card #0 name: NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3060 Ti Graphics card #0 vendor: NVIDIA Graphics card #0 VRAM (MiB): 8192.00 Graphics card #0 deviceId: VideoController1 Graphics card #0 versionInfo: 32.0.15.6094 Memory slot #0 capacity (MiB): 8192.00 Memory slot #0 clockSpeed (GHz): 3.20 Memory slot #0 type: DDR4 Memory slot #1 capacity (MiB): 8192.00 Memory slot #1 clockSpeed (GHz): 3.20 Memory slot #1 type: DDR4 Virtual memory max (MiB): 30511.24 Virtual memory used (MiB): 20057.91 Swap memory total (MiB): 14223.54 Swap memory used (MiB): 82.19 Space in storage for jna.tmpdir (MiB): available: 14438.04, total: 952852.00 Space in storage for org.lwjgl.system.SharedLibraryExtractPath (MiB): available: 14438.04, total: 952852.00 Space in storage for io.netty.native.workdir (MiB): available: 14438.04, total: 952852.00 Space in storage for java.io.tmpdir (MiB): available: 14438.04, total: 952852.00 Space in storage for workdir (MiB): available: 14438.04, total: 952852.00 JVM Flags: 4 total; -XX:HeapDumpPath=MojangTricksIntelDriversForPerformance_javaw.exe_minecraft.exe.heapdump -Xss1M -Xmx4096m -Xms256m Launched Version: forge-53.0.37 Launcher name: minecraft-launcher Backend library: LWJGL version 3.3.3+5 Backend API: NVIDIA GeForce RTX 3060 Ti/PCIe/SSE2 GL version 4.6.0 NVIDIA 560.94, NVIDIA Corporation Window size: 2560x1440 GFLW Platform: win32 GL Caps: Using framebuffer using OpenGL 3.2 GL debug messages: Is Modded: Definitely; Client brand changed to 'forge' Universe: 400921fb54442d18 Type: Client (map_client.txt) Graphics mode: fancy Render Distance: 12/12 chunks Resource Packs: vanilla Current Language: en_us Locale: en_US System encoding: Cp1252 File encoding: UTF-8 CPU: 12x AMD Ryzen 5 5600X 6-Core Processor ModLauncher: 10.2.3 ModLauncher launch target: forge_client ModLauncher naming: mcp ModLauncher services: / slf4jfixer PLUGINSERVICE / runtimedistcleaner PLUGINSERVICE / runtime_enum_extender PLUGINSERVICE / object_holder_definalize PLUGINSERVICE / capability_token_subclass PLUGINSERVICE / accesstransformer PLUGINSERVICE / eventbus PLUGINSERVICE / mixin PLUGINSERVICE / fml TRANSFORMATIONSERVICE / mixin TRANSFORMATIONSERVICE FML Language Providers: lowcodefml@53 minecraft@1.0 javafml@53.0.37 Mod List: forge-1.21.3-53.0.37-client.jar |Minecraft |minecraft |1.21.3 |NONE |Manifest: NOSIGNATURE forge-1.21.3-53.0.37-universal.jar |Forge |forge |53.0.37 |NONE |Manifest: NOSIGNATURE